Tuesday, July 9, 2013

Assignment 6

1. According to Hochshild, what is the “Second Shift?”

The "second shift" is a term used to describe the housework and childcare mothers and fathers endure after there professional jobs end. 

2. Briefly describe the story of Evan and Nancy Holt.


Evan and Nancy Holt are married with a 4 year old son, Joey. Nancy grew up in a home with a depressed mother and a father with a traditional mindset on marriage. Meaning that it is the wife's job to cook, clean, and care for the children. Nancy feared being in a marriage like that of her parents and valued her job as a social worker. Evan on the other hand had a traditional mindset and referred to Joey's attachment to Nancy as a result of the Oedipal complex. The Holts divided their house in half and divided the housework. This resulted in Nancy taking on most of the "second shift" yet fooling herself into believing that Evan is really helping. 

3. Hochschild argues that families create “myths” about their division of household labor. Describe the family myth created by Nancy and Evan Holt.


Nancy and Evan divided their house into two halves: upstairs and downstairs. Evans main jobs were the car, garage, and dog. While Nancy took care of all the rest. Because the couple divided the house, Nancy and Evan had the illusion that their problem of division of the "second shift" was equal, however Evan had far less work to take care of then Nancy. This false perspective on their marriage and labor is the myth created that provided the couple with a false sense of a solution.

4. According to Hochschild, what is the purpose of family myths?


Family myths provide families with a false sense of a solution. It allows families to believe that their particular way of life is the "right" way and provides family members with a type of security. 

5. Was this reading surprising to you and why? How do you imagine you will divide family work (including child care) in 

your own marriage or cohabitation

I really enjoyed this reading because not only did it identify problems within a family but it analyzed how the "solution" affected the family it other areas. One of the most important parts of this piece is when Hochschild comments on how Nancy became possessive over the home and Joey. This is something I will never want to have happen if I have a family. All labor and child care should be divided. I understand that maybe I would rather do laundry and my husband would rather cut grass. In that sense I feel it is okay to divide the labor. Also, if one of us works more than the other it is understandable that the other would take on more work because of the free time. If there is a chore like .... mopping the floors that we both do not want to do-- then I feel the chore should be alternated. Also, with regards to children, (being a future teacher) I have always wanted to home school my children. The one fear that I have is that my children will be closer to me than my future husband. I want my children to have two supportive roles not just one. Therefore it would be extremely important to have both myself and my husband taking on child care.

Wednesday, July 3, 2013

Assignment 5

1) Identify one of the examples of ancient marriage described by the author and discuss how it differed from the "one man, one woman idea" of marriage
Throughout history the motives of marriage change between cultures. Some cultures regarded marriage as means to seal a truce, of trade, or even inheritance. In Tibet, some marriages were not the idea of "one man, one women" of marriage we have today, instead a group of brothers would share one wife. While in other cultures traditionally followed the rule that one man could have as many wives as he could afford.

2) Among which two groups has postponing marriage become the most likely? Why

Two groups that are most likely to postpone marriage are: poor and middle class couples. Some feel that their early twenties is not a proper time for marriage because they want to focus on their careers. However, another reason is because of financial reasons. Marriage can cause one to become dependent financially on their spouse and also if the marriage ends it can cause financial chaos. 

Marriage Tradition: Covering the Bride with a veil

The jewish religion calls that the bride be covered by a veil until after a prayer where the groom unveils her face. This dates back to the bible where Rebecca covered her face when her groom Issac had arrived. This is supposed to be a sign of modesty and purity. 
I do not know if I would like to get married or not. However, if I do it would not be a traditional wedding. Although I would probably want to wear white, I do not see the point in having a bridal party or flower girl, or even rings. I feel that if I did want to get married, the ceremony should revolve around myself and my partner, and not let the idea of a "wedding" take over why the ceremony is actually taking place.

Wednesday, June 26, 2013

Assignment 4

1) According to the lecture slides what is the difference between sex and gender? Use your own words.
Sex is our biological differences (reproductive systems, breasts, more hair, more developed adams apple, etc)
Gender is how our culture and social network defines what a "man" and "woman" are... for instance, blue is for boys and pink is for girls, or girls can't drive and boys can.
2) Give an example from your own life of doing gender (i.e. acting in a gender stereotypical way). I was doing gender when I ...

When I had a cold I was embarrassed to spit out phlegm like boys do, because I thought it was unattractive (and girls are "meant" to attract). After high school, I stopped caring about preconceived gender roles and spit out all the phlegm my body can produce =). 
3) According to the chapter by Reisman and Seale:

A) What method(s) did these researchers use to collect their data, who was their study population, and what was the sample size of the population?

The study population was middle school aged children in southeast US, the data was collected through interview, and the same size was 42 children.
B) Describe one limitation of the method used as described by the researchers.

Researchers had to rely on what the children told them rather then observing their actions and interaction directly. 
C) What was the difference between what the "tweens" said about the "ideal" of gender equality and how they actually acted?
The tweens stated that everyone was equal no matter the gender  and race no longer matters, however they still held very strong stereotypical beliefs about boys yet not girls. D) Describe one example of how the middle-schoolers defined "girly-girls" and one example of how they described "tomboys."
"Girly-girls" were described as "not wanting to get dirty, flirting, laughing, prissy, makeup, dressy, and obsessed with hair, and boy crazy" while the "tomboys" were described as "athletic".E) After reading the lecture slides and this chapter, briefly describe your own beliefs regarding whether children "naturally" act like girls or boys or how this behavior might be learned or fostered by the larger society and/or social institutions like education, the economy, government etc. For example, think about toys that children play with or the clothes/colors they like and wear. Pick a side "nature/biology" or "nurture/learned," and defend it!


I am 100% on the side of nurture/learned behavior. Since birth, boys are surrounded with the color blue, action figures, super heroes, and legos. Boys are pushed towards sports but not dance. Girls are polluted with barbie dolls, make up kits, and kitchen sets. Girls are stuffed into uncomfortable clothing such as tights and restrictive skirts (where they can not even play for fear of their underwear showing). Girls and boys are talked to and reacted to differently. For instance, I read a study where researchers observed preschool classrooms. Boys were often physically restricted when "acting up" and girls were often told to be quite and speak in lower voices when the boys were being just as loud. Here, boys are accustomed  to be more physical while girls are taught to be more quiet and meek. 
F) Do you think children want to play with these toys or do we create gender roles by rewarding children for gender appropriate behavior or punishing them when they display gender inappropriate behaviors? Many of you work in day care centers or schools - how do teachers react when boys want to play dress up versus when girls act aggressively? Why do girls like pink and boys blue? Are we born that way or do we learn to like these colors?

I feel that girls and boys are taught to become interested in certain toys, colors, and behaviors. For instance, there have been many times where I have seen boys pick pink or purple only to receive the common negative feedback: "THAT'S FOR GIRLS!" However, rarely have I seen girls who pick blue or green be told it was for boys. Here is a couple of articles that examine this topic:

http://msmagazine.com/blog/2013/06/05/kids-toys-more-gendered-than-ever/

(make sure to watch the video at the end. TOO CUTE!!)

http://dreamooresworlds.blogspot.com/2013/04/genderizing-kids-books.html

Monday, June 24, 2013

Assignment 3

1. According to functionalist theory, what was the definition of the "instrumental leader" and what was the definition of an "expressive leader." What family roles were connected to each of these leader definitions?
According to the functionalist theory, an "instrumental leader" is one who leads the group discussion and how to go about solving tasks at hand. Fathers were the "instrumental leaders" because they were the families source of income. An "expressive leader" keeps the groups spirit uplifted and warm. Stay at home mothers were the "expressive leaders" because they provide emotional support to their children and husbands.
2. What main demographic change during the 1960s and 1970s led theorists to be critical of the functionalist perspective?

During the 1960s and 1970s, women starting to work outside the home and let theorists to be critical of the functionalist perspective.
3. In contrast to functionalist theorists, in your own words, what is the main theme of conflict theory?

The functionalist theorists looked at a group of individuals and how they work together and what roles they take on. The conflict theorists, in contrast, look at how certain people dominate others and why. For instance, if there was a group of people, a functionalist would look at how that group accomplished a task where as a conflict theorist would analyze how "stepped up" to take charge and how fell into the background; and why. 
4. Social exchange theory is based on ideas from what discipline (not sociology). What do exchange theorists say about husbands bargaining power versus that of wives?

The exchange theory is based on the ideas of an economist model on human behavior.  Exchange theorists believe that if one person has values that another person needs, but does not have the resources to get, then that person is dependent on the other. If a wife does not work, she is dependent on her husband. However, if a wife works then her dependency decreases and the husbands power over her decreases as well. 
5. Feminist theory is based on what main ideas?
The Feminist theory is based on uncovering the gender inequalities that have be culturally (not biologically) constructed. Feminist theorists believe that what a man's idea of happiness is not always what makes a women happy. And some theorists even believe that a family is an "artificial creation that has been organized to maintain male dominance".

6. After reading about the various methods or ways that we collect data to study the family, tell us:

A) A research question about family/relationship interaction.

Do stay at home fathers feel resentment towards their wives?
B) Do you want to study the family at the micro or macro level?

Macro level.
C) What method will you use to collect data? Refer to the methods listed in the lecture slides.

I would like to use the survey method of research. 
D) How many people will be in your study? Remember we use large samples for demographic studies and surveys, smaller samples if we are going to observe a sample or interview family members.

I would like to survey 200 fathers. 
E) Devise 3 questions you will ask them to answer your research question.


How has your relationship with your wife changed after you had children?

Are you attracted to your wife?

One day your wife comes home and tells you she got a promotion, how does this make you feel?

Friday, June 21, 2013

Assignment 2

Assignment 2 Part 1

1) Describe 1 or 2 highlights that struck you from the report. Do not cut and paste from the report, use your own words.
      I found the third to last highlight to be very interesting. This highlight states that there are going to be an increase in households with married couples (over 45) without children. This struck me, not because there are no children, but because of the age of people getting married. It sounds like more people are either: divorcing or marrying later in life. 

2) Were you surprised by the data/findings on the chart or are they in line with what you would have expected?
      I was surprised that the number of house holds with fathers stayed at a 1.6. I feel that fathers have taken a big step in taking care of kids. Even Tide did a commercial of a father and kids doing laundry. I would not have expected a huge raise but definitely a couple points. 

3) What do you notice on the chart?

    The biggest drop on the chart was the 2 parent household. In ten years there has been a near 5% drop in 2 parent house holds. Now, looking at what has happened in western culture the past ten years, I'm surprised the rate hasn't dropped even more. I feel that our culture poses a lot more challenges to marriages than ten years ago.

3a.) What types of families are more typical (higher percentage) compared to 1995.

      Households with married couples with no children are more typical than compared to 1995.

3b.) What types of families are becoming less the norm (percentage decreases from 1995 to 2010.

       Two parent households are decreasing significantly from 1996 to 2010.

4) What type of family do you expect to be living in, in 5 

years? In 10 years? When you are 70 years old?
     In five years I hope to be living with non relatives or alone. In ten years I hope to be living alone. When I am 70 I hope to be living with my family (whether it be kids, husband, cousin, or brother.)

Assignment 2 Part 2

1) What is different about women today versus 40 years ago?
      Women today are getting married and having children a lot later in life than ever before. Now thirties is a time for a career, travel, and personal success rather than families and child rearing.

2) What is the norm in terms of what women are doing and when they are marrying?

     Women today are going to college,  coming into the work force and establishing careers, urbanizing, and marrying later in life (if so at all). 
3) Do women work more or less than in the past etc?

     Women today are more interested in seeking out schooling and establishing careers. While in the past, women did work however work was a job and not a career.

4) Next, please write about what you plan to do as you finish school and reach adulthood. Will you work and get your career started and then marry or the other way around?

      I thought I would like to be a younger mother. I love children, and have always taken an interest in being around them. However, now that I am getting older I feel I want more out of life than motherhood.  I want to make changes on a grander scale than an individual level. Therefore my hope is to travel and teach English. Then come back to the U.S establish a career in a school, and through the school and other organizations raise awareness on social injustices and our environment. Eventually maybe  become a mother, but not until later in my life.

And - just for fun: if you are female: describe which Sex and the City girl you most identify with and why. You can also note your favorite boyfriend/husband.

I reside most with Miranda (maybe even a touch of Samantha.) I admire Miranda for her work ethic and over all perspective on life. I also feel Samantha has a similar outlook on human sexuality and how humans may not be cut out for monogamous relationships.

Assignment 2 Part 3
1) Tell us about one change in age at marriage, or how many people marry, or childbearing, or cohabitation, or in divorce, or in aging.
When reading about divorce, I learned that the divorce rate has decreased sine the 1980's. And that those with an education are less likely to divorce than those without an education. Being that today more and more people are reaching an education it would make sense that the divorce rate is dropping, however I feel that more people are not marrying. 

2) How does the latest research topic you chose differ from the past research on that chosen topic -- as noted in the article?

In the past I feel that I have read the divorce rates are extremely high, yet according to this article its stating that the divorce rates are dropping.

3) Who did the article author cite in describing the newest research on your chosen topic?

S. P. Martin, from his article, "Trends in Marital Dissolution by Women's Education in the United States." (2006)

Monday, June 17, 2013

Assignment 1

1) Please tell us about yourself. What makes you interesting or unique or tell us a funny story about you.

My name is Cynthia Galasso. I am a Family and Child Studies major with a concentration in school settings. My goal as a teacher is to travel and teach english in other countries. Some of my hobbies include: music, reading, writing, painting, drawing, working out, and working with children. I currently am working at a facility called, "The Little Gym." Here, I teach gymnastic classes to children.  



2) Please tell us are you an FCST major or not. If you are not a major, tell us about your own major and why you chose it.

I am a FCST major. Originally I had been declared an English major, however I feared that I would be stuck as an editor at a desk my whole life and thus decided to keep writing as a hobby and go into teaching. 

3) What are your current career plans? Or tell us if you plan to marry rich or travel the world!

I, personally, do not believe in marriage. I feel that humans are not capable of being happily and truly committed to each other. However, this is just my opinion based on experiences I have lived throughout my life. Although I love children, I do not wish to have them. I would be a mother that would commit 110% and I would rather travel and see the world. 

4) Next tell us about your family - for example - are your parents married or not, do you live with them, do you have siblings, pets etc? Or maybe you grew up in foster care, or you are married and live with your spouse and/or children.


My parents got divorced when I was two. Since then I have experienced 8 marriages, and 6 divorces between both my parents. I started off with joint custody, and as of 13 have lived fully with my father. I have not spoken to my mother in over 2 years. And although I love my family, I can admit we were never close. My father has always had a hard time connecting with me. He didn't know how to handle a girl and his various girlfriends/wives typically didn't interfere with his parenting style. I rely a lot on my friends and on my boyfriend for a feeling of "home" and security.

Here is a poem I recently wrote for my mother (hopefully one day can be published!)


Don’t worry, Mother,
I cannot replace you- -
I am not you.

We were the same, once
When I lived life through reflective mirrors.
We were the same,
When I was a child and you
A woman constrained by insecurity.

Shhh—Don’t worry, Mother,
I cannot replace you- -
I have out grown you.

I watched how you let each one eat you, from top to bottom
Gobble you up.
Their tongues lick your lips sealed,
Yet, you love being their desire

Step back,
Would you like a clue Momma Dearest?
..beauty does not last forever. 

They regurgitate you,
leaving you in pieces—drenched in their spit,
reeking of a stench so disgusting I had no choice but to run in the opposite direction.

Don’t worry, Mother
I cannot replace you--
I have given up on wanting to be you.

I no longer crave to be their desire,
Their needs will not define me:
I will not be stuck, I will not stay the same,
my mind, voice, and body have a right to change.

Mother-May-I recollect?
 “He left me” Stuck.
“I’m sick” Stuck.
“He hurt me” Stuck-Stuck.
“My son hates me.” Stuck.

“You have my face”
. . . Buried.

Are those not hands and feet I see?
Dig—I beg you—Kick
and let each fake finger nail be ripped off amongst the fight
one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten:

Ready or not here I come. . .
I will unveil you to the world


5) Please describe an activity you like to share with your 
family? etc.

Eating. Typically my family never gets together unless it is for 
a BBQ or family dinner.

Two topics of interest:
I am very excited to learn about gender roles and love and sexuality. I have been learning about gender roles in various other courses throughout my years at MSU and it has become a topic that I am extremely interested in.I am amazed at how polluting girls with barbie dolls, make up kits, and nail polish (and boys with legos and video games) will affect their development. (Also, I consider myself a bit of a feminist) ... If anyone is interested ... Susan Bordo's  Unbearable Weight is a great book that looks at the western culture and how it affects women. 
I am interested in learning about love and sexuality because as stated before I feel that humans are sexual beings and I feel that monogamy is something enforced by religion and not by intrinsic force.

Impression of Wiki
I was a little overwhelmed with Wiki at first. I have never used Wiki before and was a bit intimidated. The video I think is crucial to helping those whom have never used Wiki before. Now, I am becoming a bit more comfortable with it. 

A) What day and time does class meet?
Online course-- there will never be a meeting in person or at MSU.

B) How many blogs must you complete for full credit?

There are 6 assignments

C) When are blogs due?

Assignment 1 is due Wed 6/19, Assignment 2 is due Fri 6/21, Assignment 3 and 4 are due Tues 6/25, Assignment 5 is due 7/3, and Assignment 6 is due 7/10.

D) What should you do before EVERY Face-to-Face class?

There are no face-to-face classes.

E) What is the topic of the ON-LINE class during week 3?

The topics revolve around marriage, divorce, and the policies regarding both.

F) Which week do we focus on Marriage?

Week Three


G) What class days will we meet from 2:30- 5:00?
We will never meet in person.